HOW DO NEWLY DISCOVERED CELESTIAL BODIES GET THEIR NAMES?

Only the astronomer's professional organization, the "INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION"(IAU) can decide on names, & there are strict rules surrounding the naming of celestial bodies.For example, comets are always named after their discoverer.In the case of asteroids, the discoverer is entitled to suggest a name but it must be approved by a committee of the IAU. These days, most stars are merely given a catalogue number which usually contains a set of celestial coordinates indicating the body's position in the sky. 

 for more info about IAU you can check their official website..

http://www.iau.org/

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